DevOps interview questions with answers will assist in breaking interviews in pursuit of a promising career in DevOps, providing more confidence during interview processes and strengthening confidence during your search for employment.

In this blog you can also gain more information regarding Interview questions DevOps. Ultimately this blog gives a rounded picture on this field for anyone wanting more in-depth knowledge about it!

DevOps refers to an umbrella of practices which combine software development (Dev) with IT operations (Ops). This blog presents general information regarding AWS DevOps interview questions. Preparing for AWS DevOps engineering interview questions requires having an in-depth knowledge of AWS services, DevOps practices and infrastructure design – this information should prove beneficial when taking interviews in this domain.

1. What is DevOps?

DevOps is a combination of software development and operations that promotes collaboration between development and operations teams to deploy code to production faster in an automated and repeated way.

2. What are the benefits of DevOps?

The benefits of DevOps include faster delivery of high-quality software, increased collaboration between development and operations teams, and improved user experience.

3. What is DevOps workflow?

DevOps workflow is a crucial concept that provides a visual overview of the sequence and input provided for an operations process, allowing for the separation and arrangement of top-requested jobs, it also allows for mirroring ideal processes in configuration jobs.

4. What are the principles of DevOps?

DevOps principles include end-to-end responsibility, continuous improvement, automate everything, custom-centric action, and monitoring and testing everything.

5. Explain the tools used in the DevOps life cycle?

Tools used in the DevOps life cycle include version control tools like Git and GitHub for maintaining the code, continuous testing tools like Selenium, TestNG, and JUnit for testing, and Jenkins for automating the testing phase.

6. What is automation in DevOps?

Automation is the fundamental principle of DevOps, which starts from code generation to production and includes infrastructure automation, configuration management, deployment automation, performance management, log management, and monitoring.

7. Define Agile method?

The Agile method is an iterative software development approach that breaks down a project into several iterations or sprints, each lasting 2-4 weeks.

The difference between the Agile and waterfall models is that the first iteration releases the application with high priority features, followed by changes and new features in the second iteration.

8. Explain Docker?

Docker is a container platform that enables easy replication of applications across developers and machines in clusters, it packages an application and all its dependencies together in the form of containers, ensuring seamless application functionality in any environment.

9. What is Selenium?

Selenium is an open source web user interface automation testing suite,  it supports automation across different browsers, platforms, and programming languages, and can be deployed on platforms such as Windows, Linux, Solaris, and Macintosh.

10. Explain the popularity of Selenium?

Selenium’s growing popularity is due to its open source nature, no licensing cost, and its ability to run tests in various programming languages, operating systems, and browsers, it can also be integrated with automation test tools like May when Jenkins and Docker for continuous testing.

11. What is Selenium Grid?

Selenium Grid is a crucial concept in Selenium that allows multiple test scripts to be executed simultaneously on multiple machines using the Hub node architecture.

This allows for parallel execution on different browsers and operating systems.

12. What is the Selenium web driver?

The Selenium web driver is a web automation testing framework that can test web pages on various web browsers and operating systems, allowing for the use of different programming languages.

13. What is Jenkins?

Jenkins is an open-source automation tool written in Java with plugins for continuous integration, it integrates various development life cycle processes, including build, document, test, package, stage, deploy, and static analysis.

14. How to control access to Jenkins server?

To control access to the Jenkins server, use a plugin called the role-based access plugin.

The plugin creates rules for global and project rules for specific roles, allowing users to be categorized based on their roles.

15. What is a Jenkins pipeline?

A Jenkins pipeline is a script that defines the steps of a Jenkins build process, it can be written in either a scripted or declarative approach, depending on the requirements of the project.

16. How does Jenkins work?

Jenkins works by pulling code from a version control system, executing tasks like building, testing, and reviewing, and then automatically deploying the code in the lowest life cycle environment, it also has a notification mechanism that allows for multiple notification management mechanisms.

17. Explain is Puppet?

Puppet is a popular configuration management tool used for deploying, configuring, and managing servers, it helps define distinct configurations for each host and continuously checks if the required configuration is not placed or altered on the host.

18. What is Nagios?

Nagios is an integral part of DevOps, monitoring your entire IT infrastructure to ensure systems, applications, servers, and business processes are functioning properly, it alerts technical staff of failures, allowing them to begin remediation processes before it affects business processes and users.

19. What are the different types of version control systems?

There are three types of version control systems: local, centralized, and distributed.

20. What is a version control system?

A version control system is a software tool that allows developers to manage and track changes to their code over time, it provides a way to collaborate with others on a project and revert changes if necessary.

21. What is a readme file?

A readme file is a text file that provides information about a project on GitHub, it typically includes a description of the project, instructions for how to use it, and any other relevant information.

22. How to configure SMTP server details in Jenkins?

To configure the SMTP server details of your personal email address for sending out notifications, specify the company’s SMTP server details.

Lowering the security level of your SMTP email address will allow Jenkins to send out emails on your behalf.

23. What is Continuous Integration (CI)?        

Continuous Integration (CI) is a software development practice where developers automatically build, test, and deploy code changes into a live environment, it helps developers to catch issues early, reduce human error, and speed up the delivery of new features.

24. Explain Docker Compose?

Docker Compose is a tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications, allowing for the creation and start of services from a single configuration.

25. What is Docker Swarm?

Docker Swarm is a service that allows for the creation and management of clusters of different Docker Engine services.

26. What are the advantages of Docker?

The advantages of Docker include faster shipping of software, standardization of operations, seamless movement of applications, and cost efficiency.

By utilizing Docker, developers can improve resource utilization and save money while reducing costs.

27. How does Docker work?

The Docker architecture consists of a Docker client, a Docker host, and a Docker registry that stores Docker images.

The Docker demon runs on the Docker host and is responsible for building images and containers.

To build a Docker image, use the command line interface (CLI) of the client to issue a build command to the Docker demon, which then builds an image based on inputs and saves it in the registry.

28. What are some features of Kubernetes?

Some features of Kubernetes include automatic bin packing, service discovery and load balancing, storage orchestration, self-healing, batch execution, secret and configuration management, horizontal scaling, and automatic rollbacks.

29. What is Kubernetes used for?

Kubernetes is used to manage applications and ensure that they run smoothly and efficiently.

30. What is Azure DevOps?

Azure DevOps is a platform that allows developers to take their applications from planning to deployment and monitoring stages using various tools.

31. What is Infrastructure as Code?

Infrastructure as Code is a crucial skill for DevOps engineers that allows them to manage infrastructure such as networks, virtual machines, load balancers, and connection topology in a descriptive model. Popular tools include Terraform, Ansible, and Chef.

32. Explain the term Containerization?

Containerization is the process of packaging an application and its dependencies into a container, allowing it to run in various computing environments effectively.

Docker is a popular platform that provides containerization, simplifying build or test pipelines in DevOps.

33. What is DevOps Automation?

DevOps Automation is becoming cloud-centric, with most public and private cloud computing providers supporting DevOps systematically on the platform, including continuous integration and continuous development tools.

34. Explain Cloud-based DevOps?

Cloud-based DevOps lessens the need to account for resources leveraged, making it easier to track costs and make adjustments as needed.

35. What is DevSecOps?

DevSecOps, or baked-in security, aims to improve security through collaboration and shared responsibility, overlaying the entire DevOps workflow.

36. What is Continuous Monitoring?

Continuous Monitoring is essential for ensuring the health, performance, and reliability of applications and infrastructure as they move from development to production.

37. What is the function of continuous monitoring?

The function of continuous monitoring is to provide better network visibility and transparency, facilitate rapid responses to security threats, minimize system downtime, and aids in healthy business performance.

38. Define AWS DevOps?

AWS DevOps is a popular combination of Amazon Web Services (AWS) and DevOps, offering features such as AWS CloudFormation, AWS EC2, AWS CloudWatch, and AWS Pipeline.

AWS CloudFormation allows developers to create and release Cloud instances and services more frequently than development teams. AWS EC2 allows containers to run inside EC2 instances, leveraging AWS security and management features.

AWS CloudWatch tracks every resource AWS offers, making it easy to use third-party tools for monitoring.

39. What is parallel development?

Parallel development is a software development process that involves working on different branches of a project at the same time.

This allows developers to make changes to a project without affecting other developers’ work, and it can help to speed up the development process.

40. Explain the function of branching and merging in parallel development?

Branching is the process of creating a new branch of a project from an existing branch. Merging is the process of combining changes from one branch into another branch.

In parallel development, these processes are used to work on different features or changes simultaneously, allowing developers to work on different parts of a project at the same time.

41. What is rebasing in parallel development?

Rebasing is a process in parallel development where a developer takes changes from one branch and applies them to another branch.

This can be useful for keeping multiple branches up-to-date with the latest changes in the project.

42. What are the main advantages of Kubernetes?

Kubernetes offers several features such as automatic bill packing, service discovery and load balancing, storage orchestration, self-healing, batch execution, secret and configuration management, horizontal scaling, and automatic rollbacks and rollouts.

43. What is the main difference between Kubernetes and Docker Swarm?

The main difference lies in installation and configuration, with Docker Swarm being easier to install and configure and Kubernetes offering more flexibility, rigidity, and robustness.

44. What is a pod in Kubernetes?

Pods are logical bindings or groupings of containers within a pod.

45. Define Jenkins in Kubernetes?

Jenkins is an open-source automation server that can be used to launch and manage applications in Kubernetes.

46. What is Configuration Management in Kubernetes?

Configuration Management is a crucial tool for system administrators to automate repetitive tasks like installing servers and configuring them, it helps maintain system integrity over time by ensuring that the current design and build state of the system is known, trusted, and does not rely on tacit knowledge of development teams.

47. What is Puppet in Kubernetes?

Puppet is a configuration management tool that provides an easier approach to manage and configure servers, it uses a master-slave architecture, where a Puppet agent sends facts to the Puppet master, which compiles a catalog that defines how the slave should be configured.

The Puppet Slave reports back to the Master indicating that the configuration is complete, visible in the Puppet Dashboard.

48. Describe a Puppet Agent?

A Puppet Agent is a software agent that pulls configurations from a centralized server and applies them to nodes.

49. How do pull- and push-based configuration management tools differ?

Pull-based configuration management tools like Puppet and Chef have agents present in their software, which periodically pull the central server for configuration information and changes. Ansible, on the other hand, allows users to make changes directly and push them onto their nodes.

50. What are the limitations of Ansible?

Ansible has limitations such as not achieving full automation, lack of scalability, and limitations when dealing with hundreds of servers.

51. What is the PHP Module?

The PHP module is a Puppet module used to configure and manage PHP applications.

52. Define Grafana?

Grafana is a continuous monitoring tool that helps visualize real-time data in an application, allowing for better network visibility and transparency.

53. What is Prometheus?

Prometheus is a free software application used for event monitoring and alerting that records real-time metrics stored in a time series database built using a HCTP pool module.

This allows for flexible queries and real-time alerting, as Prometheus pulls metrics in a key value format and stores the data as time series, allowing users to query data and alert in real-time fashion.

54. What are metrics in Prometheus?

A metric is a unit of a target, such as current CPU status or memory usage, that a server collects and stores locally or remotely. Four types of metrics are available: counters, gauges, histograms, and summaries.

55. What is the rate function in Prometheus?

The rate function is a common way to track events using raw counters in Prometheus. It calculates the per second rate of increase for counters, which is useful for tracking events.

The rate function automatically adjusts for counter resets by assuming any decrease in a counter value is a reset.

56. What is Azure Artifacts?

Azure Artifacts is a service that allows Azure DevOps to store common dependencies in a single location, making it easier to manage the work of a project.

57. What are the variations between DevOps and agile methodology?

DevOps is a practice that focuses on the entire end-to-end SDLC-slap cycle, starting from development, testing, operations, and production support, whereas agile has a framework. DevOps practices are unique to each organization and are not just a methodology.

58. What is continuous integration?

Continuous integration is a practice that involves triggering a build and corresponding tests whenever changes are made to the code.

59. Explain continuous integration in DevOps?

Continuous integration is a process where every commit to a repository or change must be immediately compiled, built, and integrated, it involves integrating code with other developers, testing it, and deploying it.

60. Describe the distributed architecture of Jenkins?

Jenkins is a distributed architecture that allows for multiple jobs to run on different servers.

This is useful when deploying code on different environments, such as Linux and Windows boxes or different Linux distributions.

61. What is Check NRP?

Check NRP is a module that runs on the server and connects to the NRP service to monitor various information.

62. How are Nagios active and passive checks different?

Active checks are initiated by Nagios and run on a schedule basis, while passive checks are initiated by other applications.

63. What is a flapping threshold in Nagios?

A flapping threshold is determined by the first 21 checks and Nagios compares with that value to determine whether it is flapping or not.

64. Explain OpenStack?

OpenStack is a cloud computing platform that uses Nagios as a default monitoring tool.

65. What is Dockerization?

Dockerization is the process of using Docker files to create containers for testing purposes and Continuous Integration (CI) in the development lifecycle (DLC).

66. What is containerization in DevOps?

Containerization allows software to run reliably when moved from one computing environment to another, providing isolation without the overhead requirements of a full virtual machine.

67. Define the benefits of containerization in DevOps?

Containerization allows software to run reliably when moved from one computing environment to another, providing isolation without the overhead requirements of a full virtual machine.

68. What are the monitoring tools used in DevOps?

Monitoring tools used in DevOps include Nagios, Splunk, and Elk.

69. Explain the DevOps delivery pipeline?

The DevOps delivery pipeline is a process that includes source control, continuous integration, continuous delivery, testing, and monitoring to ensure the efficient and reliable delivery of software and resources.

70. What is the role of artificial intelligence in DevOps?

Artificial intelligence is used in DevOps to automate tasks based on patents.

71. What is a feedback loop in DevOps?

A feedback loop in DevOps is a system that automatically scales up and down based on the traffic, allowing the system to adapt to changes in the system.

72. Explain the variation between virtual machines and containers?

Virtual machines and containers are both used for managing and deploying applications, but they differ in terms of resource allocation.

Virtual machines are pessimistic about resource allocation and may not be able to make the most of resources, while containers are optimized for resource allocation and can run multiple services on a single machine.

73. What is configuration management?

Configuration management is a crucial aspect of DevOps, helping to resolve issues with the deployment of applications or provisioning servers, it helps in identifying which components to change when requirements change, redoing an implementation due to changes in requirements, and reverting to a previous version of the component if replaced with a flawed version.

74. What is Push Configuration?

Push configuration involves a centralized server with all configurations, which is then pushed onto nodes through specific commands.

75. Explain about Pull Configuration?

Pull configuration involves a centralized server with all configurations pulled at periodic intervals.

76. What is SSL?

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a security protocol that encrypts data transmitted over the internet.

77. Describe MySQL Module?

The MySQL module is a Puppet module used to configure and manage MySQL databases.

Conclusion:

With DevOps being an ever-evolving discipline, DevOps interview questions GitHub for DevOps candidates utilizing GitHub can provide an effective means of gauging their knowledge and skills regarding this platform and DevOps practices in general.

DevOps interview Questions for freshers should focus on fundamental practices of DevOps as well as hands-on experience using key tools, like GitHub and Jenkins.

Jenkins as an important Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) tool should also be prioritized for practice. DevOps interview questions Jenkins may cover more advanced DevOps practices such as infrastructure as code (IaC) or containerization. Being prepared can help show off your DevOps knowledge and set you on a successful career path.